急性肾小球肾炎（AGN）课件.ppt

Disorders of puberty Department of Pediatrics Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital Aim and claim Understanding the normal development of child Familiar with the causes of precocious puberty Get hold of the clinical features and diagnosis and management of precocious General concepts Puberty is defined as the acquisition of reproductive capability. In clinical practice it is marked by the acquisition of secondary sexual characteristics Between the age of 8-18 years children acquire secondary sexual characteristic and undergo the bodily changes which we loosely call puberty Some do earlier than others Some go through the changes in about 2 years,while others may take three times as long General concepts it is important to recognize the apparently Beneficial changes which take place at puberty such as rapid increase in size, strength and endurance; the development of gonads from their infantile to mature state. All these changes and there interactions constitute puberty. Normal puberty Secondary sex characteristics in girls: Breast development at the age abort 8-13 years, the vagina（阴道） begins to increase in length, the uterus （子宫）and ovarian（卵巢） follicles（卵泡） increase in size, the pubic hair（阴毛） appears,menarche（月经） occurs. Secondary sex characteristics in boys: the external genitalia begin to enlarge at the age about 9-14 years from infantile to mature, represented by enlargement of the testes（睾丸） and scrotum（阴囊） and penis（阴茎）,pubic hair appears, voice change,sperm produce. Features of puberty The feature of puberty At about same time as secondary sex characteristics are developing, children experience a dramatic acceleration of their growth—growth spurt. Change in body proportions(legs trunk and sitting height) The skull forward growth, skeletal maturetion, lymphoid tissues development GnRH (from hypothalamus),FSH,LH (from pituitary) have sure pulsatile secretion Sex steroids modulate the adolescent growth spurt and ul