B6U1学案3 虚拟语气 .doc

高二英语虚拟语气学案 2013.2.20 概述：虚拟句用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假设、提议或推测。确切地说，虚拟句专门用来表达说话人根据主观愿望或看法，幻想要实现根本不可能或很难实现的事情。 用虚拟句的目的： 表示与客观事实相反的假设 我要是你，我就去向他道歉。 If I __were______ you, I would apologize to him. 表示一种强烈而又不能实现的主观愿望。 我多么希望有一架属于自己的飞机呀！ How I wish that I had a plane of my own! 要是从一开始我们就没有卷入其中就好啦！ _If___ __only___ we hadn’t involved in it at the very beginning! 表示主观推测 要是波利激动起来，他可能会马上走开。 If Polly got excited, he would leave immediately. 表示提议、建议或语气不肯定 My suggestion is that the thief should be sent to the police. 表示语法规定的需要 It is important that the work should be done today. 表示良好的祝愿 Long live our friendship! God bless you! 虚拟句的主要用法： 虚拟句多用if引出条件从句 与现在事实相反，表条件的从句一般用动词过去式，表示结果的主句一般用should/would do/be。（也可以用情态动词could, might表达出情态意义） If he __were____(be) here, I __would ask___ (ask) him for advice. If I __hadn’t__ (no have) such a headache, why _should_ I _take__ (take) the medicine? 与过去事实相反，虚拟条件句表达与过去客观事实相反或主观意愿，从句一般用had done，主句用should/ would have done。（也可以用情态动词could, might表达出情态意义） If you __had_gone__(go) to meet me at the station yesterday, I ___would have not lost_____ (not lose) my way. If it __hadn’t been____(not be) for your constant help, he ___would have fail___ (fail) in the experiment. 与将来事实可能相反的推测条件句。对于未来的事情，很难肯定说是与事实相反，只能表明说话人主观上认为或判断某件事发生的可能性不大。表示条件的从句一般用should do，表示结果的主句采用should/ would do。（也可以用情态动词could, might表达出情态意义） （条件句中谓语还可以用were to + do， 但用法比较次要。） If there __should be___(be) a flood, what __should____ the villagers ___do____(do)? If he _were to come___(come), I _would ask___(ask) him to wait here. If I were to tell you all I know, you would be angry. 表示与将来事实可能相反的推测条件句，主句的结果可以是说话人对未来发生事情所做的一种有准备的打算、劝告和鼓励，并非是根据从句推测出来的，所以其主句还可以用陈述语气和祈使语气。 If there should be any difficulty, try to conquer it yourself. If you should meet with any difficulty, I shall help you. 引导词if的省略 在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句谓语中含有were, should,和had这样的系动词和助动词，可以省略if，但是必须用倒装句。如果从句用否定词，否定词必须放在主语的后面。 If he were in your place, he would also do the same thing. →_Were__ he