基因组学1-基因组学概要与基因组数据库.ppt

2.2 Genome sequencing projects (cont.) 1997: More bacteria and archaea Escherichia coli 4.6 megabases, 4200 proteins (38% of unknown function) 1998: First multicellular organism Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 97 Mb; 19,000 genes. 1999: First human chromosome Chromosome 22 (49 Mb, 673 genes) 1999: Human chromosome 22 sequenced 1999: Human chromosome 22 sequenced 49 MB 701 genes 2.2 Genome sequencing projects (cont.) 2000: Fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster (13,000 genes) Plant Arabidopsis thaliana Human chromosome 21 2001: Draft sequence of the human genome (public consortium and Celera Genomics) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * UniProt: a centralized protein database () Page 33 Fig. 2.10 Page 34 ExPASy: vast proteomics resources(www.expasy.ch) 1. Overview of the NCBI website () 2. Accessing information: accession numbers and RefSeq 3. Entrez Gene (and UniGene, HomoloGene) 4. Protein Databases: UniProt, ExPASy 5. Three genome browsers: NCBI, UCSC, Ensembl 6. Other special databases GenBank EMBL UCSC Housed at EBI European Bioinformatics Institute Housed at NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information Housed at UCSC University of California at San Diego Ensembl output for beta globin includes views of chromosome 11 (top), the region (middle), and a detailed view (bottom). There are many horizontal annotation tracks. UCSC Genome Browser is an essential resource with --choose which tracks to display --add custom tracks --the Table Browser is complementary 1. Overview of the NCBI website () 2. Accessing information: accession numbers and RefSeq 3. Entrez Gene (and UniGene, HomoloGene) 4. Protein Databases: UniProt, ExPASy 5. Three genome browsers: NCBI, UCSC, Ensembl 6. Other special databases Jaspar.cgb.ki.se The End. Appendix 2.2 Genome sequencing projects - A brief history 1977: first viral genome Sanger et al. sequence bacteriophage fX174. This virus is 5386 base pairs (encoding 11 genes). See accession J02482.