Food Stamp Program Participation and Food Insecurity A 食品券计划的参与和粮食不安全.pptVIP

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Food Stamp Program Participation and Food Insecurity A 食品券计划的参与和粮食不安全.ppt

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Food Stamp Program Participation and Food Insecurity A 食品券计划的参与和粮食不安全

Food Stamp Program Participationand Food Insecurity:An Instrumental Variables Approach Steven T. Yen The University of Tennessee Margaret Andrews Economic Research Service, USDA Zhuo Chen The Centers for Disease Control David B. Eastwood The University of Tennessee Overview Food Stamp Program (FSP) is a major USDA food program. Food insecurity (FI) is an important measure of welfare. We investigate relationship between FSP participation (binary) and FI (censored); effects of policy/socio-demographic variables on FSP participation and FI. Overview … Motivated by mixed results from previous studies: insignificant/positive effects of FSP on FI; insignificant/negative effect of FI on FSP; inefficient 2-step estimates Estimation by maximum-likelihood method (more efficient) Overview … Major findings: FSP participation decreases FI Also playing important roles in FSP FI: State-level policy variables e.g., EBT, short re-certification Socio-demographic variables e.g., marital status Being married reduces participation in FSP Being married reduces FI Introduction: USDA Food Programs USDA implements 16 Food Assistance and Nutrition Programs to provide low-income families and children with access to a healthy diet. The 16 programs were funded at $42.9 billion in FY 2004. 1 in 5 Americans participated in one/more programs at some point each year. Introduction: Food Insecurity in America Most recent USDA food security survey indicates that 3.5% of U.S. households (3.8 million people) were food insecure with hunger; 7.6% (8.3 million people) were food insecure without hunger. NFSPS sample (1996-97, “low-income”): 26.6% were food insecure during past 30 days. Empirical Literature Earlier studies of food insecurity addressed “food insufficiency”. Gunderson and Oliveira (2001) investigated food stamp participation and food insufficiency, using 1991–1992 SIPP panels; used two-step estimator for simultaneous-equation probit (Mallar, 1977). Findings: Mutual effects of FSP and