FORENSIC SCIENCE Trace Evidence法医学物证.pptVIP

FORENSIC SCIENCETrace Evidence Introduction Trace Evidence--any small pieces of material, man-made or naturally occurring Most common examples: Hair Fiber Test Questions for Trace Evidence What is it? Is it man-made or natural? What is its source? How common is it? Can it be identified to a single source? Hair Human hair is one of the most frequently found pieces of evidence at the scene of a violent crime. It can provide a link between the criminal and the act. From hair one can determine: Human or animal Race Origin Manner in which hair was removed Treated hair Drugs ingested DNA The hair shaft contains abundant mitochondrial DNA--inherited only from our mothers. It can be typed by comparing relatives if no DNA from the body is available. Only the root contains nuclear DNA. Hair Morphology The Study of Structure and Form Parts of the hair Shaft--part of the hair that sticks out of the skin Root--lies below the epidermis Follicle--structure from which the hair grows Hair Growth Terminology Anagen--hair that is growing Catagen--hair at rest Telogen--hair that is dying Length--00.5 mm per day or 1 centimeter per month; approximately one half inch per month Hair Cuticle Mosaic Pectinate Imbricate Petal Diamond petal Chevron Scale Types Scale Types (cont) Scale Types (cont) HUMAN SCALES In order to visualize the scales paint fingernail polish on a slide place a hair on the polish lift off the hair and observe the scale imprints What pattern is seen in this slide? Hair Cortex The cortex gives the hair its shape. It has two major characteristics: Melanin--pigment granules that give hair its color Cortical fusi--air spaces, usually found near the root but may be found throughout the hair shaft Hair Medulla The medulla is the hair core that is not always present. The medulla comes in different types and patterns. Types: Continuous Intermitten