Foundations III The Stars：依据三星星.pptVIP

Properties of The Stars - Brightness Do all stars appear the same? How are they different? Which one looks the coolest? Hottest? Are they all the same brightness? Do they all look the same size? As the Sun sets, some stars are visible. These are the first magnitude stars. Later, when twilight is over, more stars are visible. These are the second magnitude stars, and so on… Two Kinds of Brightness Apparent Magnitude: How bright the object appears to us on Earth. Absolute Magnitude: How bright a star actually is, its intrinsic brightness. Apparent Magnitude is a number that represents the apparent brightness of stars as seen on Earth The larger the number the dimmer the object will appear from EarthNote we use the letter “m” for apparent magnitude Apparent Magnitudes Which would look brighter? Sirius, m = -1.4 Venus, m = -4.4 Which would look brighter? Vega, m = 0.03 Antares, m = 1.06 Apparent Magnitudes Which would look brighter? Sirius, m = -1.4 Venus, m = -4.4 Which would look brighter? Vega, m = 0.03 Antares, m = 1.06 Smaller/negative numbers correspond to BRIGHTER stars and Bigger/positive numbers correspond to DIMMER stars Why do stars in the night sky appear considerably different in brightness? The distances to stars are not all the same. Some stars are intrinsically brighter than others – they simply give off more light. Which star looks like it is giving off more light? But, which star is actually giving off more light? How bright a star appears depends on both how much light it releases (its actual brightness or luminosity) and how far away it is (distance) according to the inverse square law The Inverse Square Law Recall how the force of gravity works Fgrav = Gm1 x m2 /r2 Apparent brightness also decreases as 1/ r2 so as distance doubles: brightness is decreased by 1/4 distance halves: brightness increases by 4 times Problem Rigel (m = -0.01) Spica (m = +1.0) Which looks brighter from Earth? Rigel (m = -0.01) Spica (m = +1.0) Which look