Binding Theory结合理论.pptVIP

Binding Theory Universit?t Bielefeld Fakult?t für Linguistik und Literaturwissenschaft How to Write a Grammar T.Trippel Referenten: Torsten Eickmann, Julia Plücks Introduction Binding Theory provides a general rule for reflexive pronouns. Remember: Coreferential expressions Johni frightens himselfi. *Susani frightens heri. Susani frightens herj. Problematic Examples a. Susani likes herselfi. b. *Susani likes heri. c. Susani told herselfi a story. d. *Susani told heri a story. The Argument Structure List The features that encode information about what arguments a verb takes are the valence features SPR and COMPS. Problem: in examples a.-d., the binding in question involves the subject NP and one of the nonsubject NPs, but our valence features separate the subject (specifier) and the nonsubject (complements) into two different lists. The Argument Realization Principle ? For Binding Theory, we need a single list with both subject and complements. ? We introduce a feature ARG-ST It is a constraint on the type word ARG-ST is neither in SYN nor SEM The Argument Realization Principle Definitions To distinguish between reflexive and nonreflexive pronouns we introduce a new value of the semantic feature MODE. Reflexive pronouns are [MODE ana], nonreflexive pronouns remain [MODE ref]. ?ana“ is short for anaphoric, meaning ?expressions whose interpretation requires them to be associated with other elements in the discourse“. Binding Principles Principle A A [MODE ana] element must be outranked by a coindexed element. Principle B A [MODE ref] element must not be outranked by a coindexed element. (Remember: If A precedes B on some ARG-ST list, then A outranks B.) Pronominal Agreement The Binding Principles say nothing about agreement between pronouns and antecedents. They do not rule out examples like *I enjoy yourself. *He enjoys themselves. Anaphoric Agreement Principle (AAP) Coindexed NPs agree. Binding in Prepositional Phrases Reflexives and their anteced