Biodiversity and Disease Transmission生物多样性和传播的疾病.pptVIP

Biodiversity and Disease Transmission Stavros Calos Agriculture Lyme Disease and West Nile Virus ↑ Mammalian and bird diversity leads to ↓ Lyme Disease and WNV in humans. Case 1: A disease specializes on a single host species, and transmission is by direct contact. dS/dt = (b – m)S – βSI + (αδ + b’)I dI/dt = βSI – (αδ + m’)I dS/dt = (b – m)S – αδSI + (γ + b’)I dI/dt = αδSI – (γ + m’)I Biodiversity and Case 1:dI/dt = αδSI – (γ + m’)I Reduce rate of encounter (α) by adding species Reduce probability of encounter leading to transmission (δ) by adding species Increase death rate of infected individuals (m’) by adding species Case 2: A disease specializes on a single host species, and vectors transmit the disease. dI/dt = αδ’SZ – (μ+m’) I Biodiversity with a Vector Species: Questions? * * Higher biodiversity can reduce disease transmission Densities of susceptible (S) and infected (I) hosts b, b’, m, and m’ are birth and deaths for susceptible and infected host αδ – the rate of encounter of between infected hosts and susceptible ones (α) times the probability of transmission (δ). γ - Recovery rate Case 1 Assumptions: Host is regulated solely by pathogen. All recovered individuals can be reinfected. Disease only transmissible within one species. Abundances of susceptible (S) and infected (I) hosts b, b’, m, and m’ are birth and deaths for susceptible and infected host Recovery rate (γ) αδ – the rate of encounter of between infected hosts and susceptible ones (α) times the probability of transmission (δ). This model is a good if we assume that hosts are their carrying capacity. added species is predator Increasing rate of encounter by adding species can be done : If conspecifics become more clumped in the presence of other species. This is based on the assumption that the disease is only transmitted between members of one species. It is a reasonable assumption that a longer interaction has more probability of disease