Feedback Reinforcement and Intrinsic Motivation - Aussie Hockey反馈增强和内在动机-澳洲冰球.pptVIP

Feedback, Reinforcement, Intrinsic Motivation PED 374 – Psychology of Sport Introduction I try never to plant a negative seed. I try to make every comment a positive comment. There’s a lot of evidence to support positive management. Jimmy Johnson, College and Professional Football Coach To really win, you have to get every player to go beyond his capabilities. He must feel great about himself … He must feel that his coaches or supervisors have total confidence in his ability, and he must feel that his weaknesses are small and his strengths are much bigger. You do that by positive reinforcement, making sure that no one thinks negatively at any time. Rick Pitino, Basketball Coach Much of human interaction consists of attempts to influence other people’s behaviors Influence attempts occur frequently in sport contexts: Athletes interact with teammates, opponents, officials, and coaches Coaches influence athletes in many ways: Creating a good learning environment where athletes acquire technical skills to succeed “Psychology of coaching” can be regarded as a set of strategies to increase ability to influence behaviors effectively. The ABCs of Behavioral Control Influential approach in psychology – Operant conditioning (A) Antecedents or environmental stimuli; (B) behaviors in which the person engages; and (C) Consequences that follow the behaviors. Antecedents – are the stimuli that control behavior. Antecedents that signal the likely consequences of particular behaviors are called discriminative stimuli Skill learning in sport often involves learning to “read” environment and respond. EX: basketball player learns how to set up the offense when the opponent switches from one defense to another Response Consequences: The key is on what happens after the response is made: Present Remove Positive Reinforcement (Strengthens behaviors) Extinction (weakens behaviors) Response cost punishment (weakens behavior) Punishment (suppresses / weakens behaviors) Negati