Filter Basics - University of Texas Electronic Music Studios滤波器基础-德克萨斯大学电子音乐工作室.pptVIP

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Filter Basics - University of Texas Electronic Music Studios滤波器基础-德克萨斯大学电子音乐工作室.ppt

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Filter Basics - University of Texas Electronic Music Studios滤波器基础-德克萨斯大学电子音乐工作室

Filter Basics A filter is used to remove (or attenuate) unwanted frequencies in an audio signal “Stop Band” – the part of the frequency spectrum that is attenuated by a filter “Pass Band” – part of the frequency spectrum that is unaffected by a filter Filters are usually described in terms of their “frequency responses,” e.g. low pass, high pass, band pass, band reject (or notch) Frequency Response Curves Essential Terminology Cutoff Frequency – point in the stop band where frequencies have been attenuated by 3 dB (?-power) Center Frequency – mid-point of the pass band in a Band Pass filter or the stop band of a Band Reject filter Band Width – distance (in Hertz) between the ?-power points of a Band Pass or Band Reject filter Other Important Terms Slope – rate of attenuation within the stop band, measured in dB/Octave Q – the Quality of a filter. Definition: Basic Info on Digital Filters All digital filters utilize one or more previous inputs and/or outputs A very simple digital filter: More Digital Filter Basics The Impulse Response of a filter is the output that will be produced from a single, instantaneous burst of energy, or “impulse” Given the input signal {1,0,0,0,0…}, the filter y(t)=.5x(t)+.5x(t-1) will output the signal {.5,.5,0,0,0…}, a “finite impulse response” A filter that uses only current and previous inputs produces a Finite Impulse Response, but a filter that employs previous outputs (a so-called “recursive filter”) produces an Infinite Impulse Response If y(t) = .5x(t) + .5y(t-1), the impulse response is {.5,.25,.125,.0625,.03125…etc.} Digital Filter Basics, cont. The Order of a filter is a measure of its complexity In a digital filter, the Order is proportional to the number of terms in its equation The Slope of the attenuation within the stop band of a filter is approximately –6 dB per Order of that filter Combining 2 filters by connecting them in series will double the total order, and hence, double the steepness of the slope D