Gauss’ Law - Home The University of Tennessee ：高斯定律-家居田纳西大学.pptVIP

Gauss’ Law Electric Field Lines The number of field lines, also known as lines of force, are related to strength of the electric field More appropriately it is the number of field lines crossing through a given surface that is related to the electric field Flux Electric Flux Electric Flux Electric Flux We can see that the relationship between the flux and the electric field and the area vector is just the dot product of two vectors A Convention Electric Flux Where flux lines enter the surface, the surface normal and the electric field lines are anti-parallel Electric Flux Electric Flux The equation we have for flux is fine for simple situations the electric field is uniform and the surface area is plane What happens when either one or the other or both is not true Electric Flux We proceed as we did in the transition from discrete charges to a continuous distribution of charges We break the surface area into small pieces and then calculate the flux through each piece and then sum them In the limit of infinitesimal areas this just becomes an integral Electric Flux of a Point Charge Electric Flux of a Point Charge Gauss’ Law Gauss’ Law Surfaces Choose surface appropriate to problem It does not have to be a sphere Exploit symmetries, if any Example 4Thin Infinite Sheet of Charge Thin Infinite Sheet of Charge But E and Acurved are perpendicular to each other so their dot product is zero and the middle term on the left disappears Example 5Infinite Line having a Charge Density l Example 6Solid Uniformly Charged Sphere Example 6Solid Uniformly Charged Sphere Charges on Conductors Given a solid conductor, on which is placed an excess charge then in the static limit The excess charge will reside on the surface of the conductor and Everywhere the electric field due to this excess charge will be perpendicular to the surface and The electric field within the conductor will everywhere be zero Example 7 ii) How is the charge distributed on the cavity wall? (a) Unif