漫谈翻译.docVIP

1.从句 汉语多用并列结构，一个句子可以包含几个并列分句，或一个主语带几个并列谓语。英语喜用主从结构，用主句表达主要内容以突出重点，用定语从句或状语从句表达句中较为次要的含义，从而使句子显出层次。 例2.海南岛和台湾的面积差不多，那里有许多资源，有富铁矿，有石油天然气，还有橡胶和别的热带亚热带作物。海南岛好好发展起来，是很了不起的。 Hainan Island, which is almost as big as Taiwan, has abundant natural resources, such as rich iron ore, oil and natural gas, as well as rubber and other tropical and subtropical crops. When it is fully developed, the result should be extraordinary. 例3.我们的第一个目标是解决温饱问题，这个目标已经达到了。 Our first objective was to solve the problem of food and clothing, which we have now done. 例4.过去我们搬用别国的模式，结果阻碍了生产力的发展，在思想上导致僵化，妨碍人民和基层积极性的发挥。 We used to copy foreign models mechanically, which only hampered the development of our productive forces, induced ideological rigidity and kept the people and grass-roots units from taking any initiative. 以上三例，译文都用了which。2003年出版的Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English第4版关于which的用法有这样一段说明：used, after a comma in writing, to add more information about the thing, situation or event you have just mentioned.这正是以上三例中which的用法。例2 which引导的从句说明海南的大小，这只是对主语Hainan Island顺便作的一点说明，不是主要内容，这句话重点说明海南岛的资源。例3中的which代表主句中的to solve the problem of food and clothing,例4中的which代表前面整个主句，都表示结果。 例5.深圳搞了七八年了，取得了很大的成绩。 But the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has achieved remarkable successes since it was established almost eight years ago. 例6.开始的时候广东提出搞特区，我同意了他们的意见，我说名字叫经济特区，搞政治特区就不好了。 It was the leaders of Guangdong Province who first came up with the proposal that special zones be established, and I agreed. But I said they should be called special economic zones, not special political zones, because we didnt like anything of that sort. 例7.占全国人口百分之八十的农民连温饱都没有保障，怎么能体现社会主义的优越性呢？ When the peasants, who make up 80 percent of Chinas population, could not even be guaranteed adequate food and clothing, how could we demonstrate the superiority of socialism? 以上三例分别用连词since, because和when引导状语从句。例5从上下文来看，主要想说明深圳的成绩，时间长短不是重点。若用主句或并列分句来说时间，就喧宾夺主了。例6 because起连接作用，英语讲究“形合”，这里需要有个连词。当然不一定非用because,用as, for或since也都可以。这三个例子中用的连词，最不起眼