Five-Kingdom Survey五英国的调查.pptVIP

Five-Kingdom Survey Taxonomy Categories called taxa (singular = taxon) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Five-Kingdom Survey King Philip Came Over For Ginas Spaghetti Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Sand Five-Kingdom Survey Examples: Canis familiaris = domesticated dog Canis lupis = wolf Canis latrans = coyote Classification based on phylogeny or evolutionary relationships. Knowing the characteristics that define organisms within a taxon, you can determine evolutionary relationships among organisms. Systematics- study of evolutionary relationships among organisms. Five-Kingdom Survey Five kingdoms (six) Kingdom Monera Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Five-Kingdom Survey Kingdom Monera Prokaryotes Lack nuclei No membrane-bound organelles Single circular DNA molecule Plasmids Small circular DNA molecules Cell wall Peptidoglycan Small in size compared to eukaryotes Five-Kingdom Survey-Kingdom Monera Organized by their mode of nutrition (metabolize resources) Autotrophs- manufacture their own organic compounds. Photoautotrophs- use light energy (photosynthesis) Chemoautotrophs- use energy obtained from inorganic substances (chemosynthesis) Hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, nitrous oxide Five-Kingdom Survey-Kingdom Monera Organized by their mode of nutrition (metabolize resources) Heterotrophs- obtain their energy by consuming organic substances produced by autotrophs. Some heterotrophic bacteria are parasites- obtain their energy from the living tissues of a host. Saprophytes (decomposers)- obtain their energy from dead, decaying matter. Five-Kingdom Survey-Kingdom Monera Another important feature in describing prokaryotes is their ability to survive in the presence or absence of oxygen Obligate aerobes- must have oxygen to live Obligate anaerobes- can only survive in the absence of oxygen Facultative anaerobe- grows in the presence of oxygen but, can switch to an anaerobic metabolism whe