Segmentation - University of Maryland Institute for Advanced 分割-先进的马里兰大学研究所.pptVIP

Segmentation Kyongil Yoon Segmentation Obtain a compact representation of what is helpful (in the image) No comprehensive theory of segmentation Human vision: Grouping and Gestalt Proximity, similarity, common fate, common region, parallelism, closure, symmetry, continuity, familiar configuration Segmentation by clustering Partitioning vs. grouping Applications Background subtraction Shot boundary detection Image segmentation by clustering pixels Using simple clustering Agglomerative clustering (clustering by merging) Divisive clustering (clustering by splitting) K-means Using graph-theoretic clustering Affinity measure Normalized cut cut(A,B)/assoc(A,V) + cut(A,B)/assoc(B,V) K-Means Choose k data points to act as cluster centers Until the cluster centers are unchanged Allocate each data point to cluster whose center is nearest Now ensure that every cluster has at least one data point; possible techniques for doing this include supplying empty clusters with a point chosen at random from points far from their cluster center. Replace the cluster centers with the mean of the elements in their clusters. end Graph Eigenvectors Construct an affinity matrix Compute the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the affinity matrix Until there are sufficient clusters Take the eigenvector corresponding to the largest unprocessed eigenvalue; zero all components corresponding to elements that have already been clustered, and threshold the remaining components to determine which element belongs to this cluster, choosing a threshold by clustering the components, or using a threshold fixed in advance. If all elements have been accounted for, there are sufficient clusters end Segmentation by fitting a model To assert that pixels belong together to conform to some model Large scale explicit model Hough transform Three problems: What is the line? Which points belong to which line? How many lines? Point space - line space x*cos(t) + y*sin(t) + r = 0, (t, r) line space Half-infinite cylinder