铝热剂的制毕业设计.docVIP

摘 要 破岩技术主要用在化学岩石用炸药爆炸和民用建筑上，目是通过化合物反应产生的热和气体爆炸让目标粉碎。最初人们用的是黑火药，黑火药不稳定而且反应过程中产生大量有害物质，TNT的出现取代了黑火药，TNT威力巨大而且性能好，还可以在水中引爆，但是同样有缺点就是爆炸后会产生大量的有害气体，不能适应现在人们的需要。铝热剂不会产生有害气体，因此受到人们的关注。 本文主要研究铝热剂的制备，通过活泼金属和金属氧化物发生铝热反应产生能量和热量来实现破岩。通过不同的金属和金属氧化物的比对，找出最佳的组合，但是又要考虑到现实的生产成本，最终选定的是铝和氧化铁这组，不仅仅成本低而且反应剧烈。为了提高反应威力在混合药品中加入有机物，因为有机物反应会产生大量的热和气体，从而加大了最终产生的威力。 关键词：铝热剂；金属；金属氧化物；破岩技术；有机物  Abstract Rock technology is mainly used in chemical rock explosive blast and civil construction. The main purpose of which is produced by the reaction of compound heat and gas explosion shattered totarget. At first people used gunpowder. Gunpowder produced a lot of harmful substances during the reaction, TNT production to replace the position of black powder。TNT is powerful and good performance and is detonated in the water.But there are also shortcomings which produces a large number of harmful gas after the explosion. It can not adapt to the needs of the people now. The thermite does not produce harmful gases ,so people are attention to it. This paper is to study the preparation of thermit. Through active thermite reaction of metal and metal oxide to produce heat energy and to implement the broken rock. Through the different metal boxes, metal oxide, finding out the best of a group. Through active metal and metal oxide thermite reaction occurs to produce energy and heat to achieve rock-breaking . Not only the cost is low but aiso the reaction is violent liquid. In order to improve the reaction force in the mixed with organic drugs. Besause organic reactions can produce large amounts of heat and gas, thereby increasing the final produce power. Key words: thermit；metals；metal oxides；rock technology；the organic matter 目 录 1 绪论 1 1.1 破岩技术的发展史 1 1.2 破岩技术的原理 1 1.2.1 爆生气体膨胀作用 1 1.2.2 爆炸应力波反射拉伸作用 1 1.2.3 爆破的内部作用——无限介质中的爆破作用 2 1.2.4 爆破的外部作用 ——半无限岩石介质中的爆破作用 2 1.3 破岩技术的分类 2 1.3.1 爆炸破碎 2 1.3.2 机械破碎 2 1.3.3 水射流破碎 3 1.3.4 热力破碎 3 1.4 破岩技术中所用的炸药 3 1.4.1 硝铵炸药 3 1.4.2 铵油炸药 3 1.4.3 含水炸药 4 1.4.4 硝化甘