高一英语牛津Unt3Atasteoftravel语言点详解.docxVIP

Unit 3 A taste of travel语法目标扫描被动语态(详见“语言点详解”第一条)Grammar 1．被动语态 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。(1)动词的被动语态在各种时态中的表示：一般式进行式完成式现在are doneare being donehave been done过去were done were being donehad been done将来will be done will have been done过去将来would be donewould have been done(2)一些特殊结构的被动语态的表示： ①带复合宾语的句子 将带复合宾语的句子转换成被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语转换成主语，保 留宾语补足语。如： ◆We always keep the classroom clean．我们总是保持教室干净。 →The classroom is always kept clean． ②带双宾语的句子将带双宾语的句子转换成被动语态时，通常有两种转换方式。一种是将间接宾语转 换成主语，保留直接宾语。第二种是把直接宾语转换成主语，保留间接宾语。此时， 常需要在间接宾语前面加适当的介词。如： ◆We gave him a warm welcome．我们热烈地欢迎他。 →He was given a warm welcome． ◆Thev bought her a silk handkerchief as a birthday present．他们给她买了一条真丝手帕作为生日礼物。 →A silk handkerchief was bought for her as a birthday present．【注意】 如果直接宾语是宾语从句或动词不定式，则必须把间接宾语转换成主语。如：◆Thev told him that he had won the first prize in the singing competition．他们告诉他，他在歌咏比赛中得了一等奖。→He was told that he had won the first prize in the singing competition．◆He taught her how to ride a horse。他教她如何骑马。→She was taught how to ride a horse．(3)动词的主动语态表示被动的意义： ①wash、write、sell、cut、clean、read、look、iron、wear、feel、draw、drive等词 的主动形式表示被动意义。 ·This book sells very well．这本书卖得很好。 ·The shirt washes easily．这件衬衫洗起来很容易。 ·The meat cuts easily． 这块肉很容易切。 ②need、want、require、deserve等词后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 ·The children need looking after．孩子们需要照顾。 ·The window requires cleaning．窗户需要清洁了。 【拓展】某些动词不能用于被动语态。 (1)某些不及物动词，如：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、belong(to) (属于)、rise(上升)等。 ．(2)表示状态的及物动词，如：cost(值)、fit(合适)、lack(缺少)、hold(容纳)等。(3)连系动词，如：taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、turn(变得)等。(4)表示度量的动词，如：measure(有……长／宽)、weigh(重)等。 Reading2．twist v.盘旋；蜿蜒；曲折 ·From here, a narrow road twists up to the top of the mountain．一条狭窄的小路从这 里盘旋至山顶。 【拓展】n．弯曲；扭；拧 3. construction n.建造 【常用搭配】under construction在建造中 ·Many underground lines are under construction in Shanghai．在上海，很多条地铁线路正在建设中。 【拓展】 ①construct v．建设 ●It took four years to construct this suspensio