COMPOUNDS AND MOLECULES - Yale Department of Chemistry化合物和分子-耶鲁大学化学系.pptVIP

Compounds Molecules Compounds Molecules COMPOUND is a combination of 2 or more elements in definite ratios by mass. The character of each element is lost when forming a compound (e.g., think of NaCl). MOLECULES are the smallest units of a compound that retains the characteristics of the compound. MOLECULAR FORMULAS Formula for glycine is C2H5NO2 (description of the composition) In one molecule there are 2 C atoms 5 H atoms 1 N atom 2 O atoms CONDENSED FORMULAS Formula for glycine is NH2CH2CO2H (composition and functional groups) In one molecule there are 1 NH2 (amine group) 1 CH2 group 1 CO2H group STRUCTURAL FORMULAS Show how the atoms are attached within a molecule The lines between atoms represent chemical bonds that hold the atoms together. WRITING FORMULAS Can also write glycine as the condensed formula H2NCH2COOH showing functional groups (atom ordering and connectivity) or in the form of a structural formula showing how atoms are attached to each other (bond orders) MOLECULAR MODELING Resources for Molecular Modeling Modeling software CAChe (General Chemistry Interactive CD-ROM) Rasmol Molden Gaussview Maestro MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND MOLAR MASS Molecular weight = sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in the molecule. Molar mass = molecular weight in grams per mol. What is the molar mass of ethanol, C2H6O? 1 mol contains 2 moles of C (12.01 g C/1 mol) = 24.02 g C 6 moles of H (1.01 g H/1 mol) = 6.06 g H 1 mol of O (16.00 g O/1 mol) = 16.00 g O TOTAL = molar mass = 46.08 g/mol Tylenol Formula = Molar mass = Molar Mass How many moles of alcohol (C2H6O) are there in a “standard” can of beer if there are 21.3 g of C2H6O? (a) Molar mass of C2H6O = 46.08 g/mol (b) Calc. moles of alcohol How many molecules of alcohol are there in a “standard” can of beer if there are 21.3 g of C2H6O? = 2.78 x 1023 molecules How many atoms of C are there in a “standard” can of beer if there are 21.3 g of C2H6O? = 5.57 x 1023 C atoms