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Binding Energy - Vernon Kids结合能量-弗农的孩子
Binding Energy * Basic Terminology: nucleon nuclide atomic number: Z atomic mass number: A isotope A X Z Atomic size: 10-10 m ° angstrom A number of atoms on surface of a coin, 1 cm in diameter? 1016 carbon-12 atom: mass = 12.0000 atomic mass units (u) Masses on periodic table based on: 6 protons: 6 neutrons: 6 electrons: mass defect = 0.098937 u 6 x 1.007276 u 6 x 1.008665 u 6 x 0u total mass: 12.098937 u Mass defect converted to energy; called the binding energy 1 u of mass = 1.66054 x 10-27 kg E = mc2 (1 u)(c2) = 931.5 MeV Conversion factor: 1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2 binding energy of C-12: 92.16 MeV Binding energy is the energy the atom “lacks” – the energy needed to split the atom apart Determine the binding energy of He-4. 2 p: 2 x 1.007276 u = 2.014552 u 2 n: 2 x 1.008665 u = 2.017330 u 2 e: 2 x 0u = 0u total mass = 4.032979 u mass of He-4 atom: 4.002602 u mass defect = 0.030377 u BE = 28.30 MeV “Missing mass” converted to energy. A nucleon (p+ or n0) inside a nucleus has less mass than its mass outside the nucleus. Average Binding Energy/nucleon: BE/A helium – 4: 28.30/4 = 7.1 MeV The greater the BE/A, the more tightly the nucleus is held together. Nuclei below Fe: fusion Nuclei above Fe: fission *
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