文学史8.pptVIP

修辞与民族文化 Rhetoric and National Culture Rhetoric expresses ideas in language and culture. Any language and any culture all find a total expression of judging ideas. Many expressions in a certain language can not find their equivalents in another, but they can be expressed from other points of view owing to different national cultural values. Pay attention to the following expressions: 胆小如鼠 水中捞月 害群之马 挥金如土 湿得像落汤鸡 脚踩两只船 雨后春笋 一箭双雕 as easy as ……, as heavy as ……, as stupid as a ……, as dear as the …… of one’s eye, as busy as a ……, as fit as a ……, as cool as ……, as wise as an ……; Persuasive Lecture? A very traditional professor gives a lecture on English grammar. The following is what he says: “Always avoid alliteration. Be more or less specific. Who needs rhetorical questions? It is wrong to ever split an infinitive. Prepositions are not words to end sentences with.” What do you think of his lecture? The Rise of the English Novel The Restoration of the monarchy (1660) in England after the Puritan Commonwealth (1649-1660) encouraged an outpouring of secular literature Appearance of periodical literature: journals and newspapers Increased leisure time for middle class: Coffee House and Salon society Growing audience of literate women England in the 17th and 18th Centuries Between 1700 and 1900, the novel went from being a type of writing that was subordinate in importance to epic, drama, and poetry to becoming an important literary form. In fact, some complain that our contemporary idea of literature is too much influenced by novels. The Rise of the English Novel What explains the rise of the novel? Why did early novelists like Richardson and Fielding write novels? What was at stake in their disagreement about how novels should be written and rea