病理生理学课件 复习资料 英文 Normal Metabolism of Water and Electrolytes.pptVIP

Summary of regulating water and sodium metabolism (1) Neuro-regulation Thirst (2) Hormoral regulation ADH Aldosterone ANP Next class… Disorders of Water and Sodium Metabolism Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Isotonic Dehydration (1)Functions of water 1) Acts as a medium and reactant for chemical reactions. 2) Acts as a transport vehicle for nutrients, electrolytes, blood gases and metabolic wastes. 3) Importance for the regulation of body temperature. (A) The water can absorb more heat with less increase of body temperature . (B) More heat can be eliminated with sweat. (C) Heat within the body is easy to be eliminated from the surface because of the high mobility of water. 4)Acts as lubricant (joint fluid in joint cavity) 5) Acts as a cushion (CSF, amniotic fluid for fetus) A man with hunger strike can survive for 1 months. A man with “water strike” can only survive for about 10 days. (1)Functions of water (2) Gain and loss of water Water intake and water loss must be balanced in order to keep the volume of the body fluid constant and to maintain the homeostasis. gains (ml/day) loss (ml/day) ----------------------------------- drink 1200 lung 300 food 1000 skin 500 metabolic feces 200 water 300 urine 1500 ----------------------------------- Total 2500 2500 1) Gain of water The major source of body fluid is the oral ingestion of water or soup in food. Another source is the water formed within the body from the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat (catabolism), which is called metabolic water (endogenous water). gains (ml/day) loss (ml/day) ----------------------------------- drink 1200 lung 300 food 1000 skin 500 metabolic feces 200 water 300 urine 1500 ----------------------------------- Total