试论T.S.艾略特《荒漠》与“非个性化”特征.pdfVIP

中文摘要 中文摘要 被誉为二十世纪文学活动代言人的T.S.艾略特，英美新批评派奠基人之一， 开启了一代诗风。他提出的“非个性化”文学理论对二十世纪现代文学产生了深 远影响。他的代表作《荒原》以其独特的“非个性化”特征，反映了战后二十世 纪西方人的“荒原”状态。为了实现其“非个性化”的目的，艾略特主张树立 “依 附传统”回归历史的创作观念。并在《荒原》写作中，再现了传统文化，使“过 去”的历史文化与现代相融，前人的“身影”再次浮现。以此为基础，艾略特在 诗中也运用了多种表现手法及创作技巧来诠释其文学理论，其中最为重要的有： 设定了身份各异的“众我”刻意营造众语喧哗令作者淡出的果效、利用独白与对 白和蒙太奇的表现手法达到创作主体生命情感得以遮蔽与粉碎的目的，以至逃离 主观情感的外泄。然而，“情感逃避”并不是简单的回避个体情思，《荒原》中 艾略特运用神话典故与意象的创作技巧来获得准确的可以逃避情感的“客体对 应”，即“客观对应物”。可以说，《荒原》完美地体现了“非个性化”的特征。 但关注艾略特的一生，可发现他的“非个性化”理论过于理想绝对化，蕴含了一 定的“悖论”性质：表现在“非我”与“自我”之间的矛盾。《荒原》的写作就 着实的反映了诗人在特定时期内心的苦闷、对于生活的不满与失望，体现出了浓 郁的自我之情。 关键词：T.S.艾略特；荒原；非个性；行文悖论 - I - Abstract Abstract T.S. Eliot who created a new poetic style is honored as the most influential poet in the 20th century and the founder of New Criticism. His famous theory of Non-individualism had profound and lasting influence to modernist literature. His famous work The Waste Land paints a wonderful picture of the waste postwar state of western world. In order to show the Non-individualism style, he held the proposition that literature creation should depend on the historical consciousness of tradition and in his work The Waste Land ,he take this way to recapture traditional culture and make a fusion between traditional and modern culture. Eliot also used several techniques to express his literature theory. He used divergent clamor to make the author fading out. He used montages and dialogues to make the authors ’subjective emotions fading out, which did not mean to eliminate all individualities, but to find an Objective Homologue of feelings.On the one hand, The Waste Land is the best expression of Non-individualism. On the othe