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Introduction to Glass Science and Technology Initial heating of a glass forming batch usually results in the release of some moisture, which may have been absorbed on the particles, or combined as water of hydration or as hydroxyl. Many of the components of common glass forming batches are somewhat hygroscopic, readily absorbing some water from the surroundings.一个玻璃成批的初始加热通常会释放出一些水分，这些水分可能被粒子吸收，或者被结合成水合水或羟基。普通玻璃成批的许多部件都有一定的吸湿性，很容易从周围吸收一些水。 Boric oxide may partially convert to boric acid (H3BO3), CaO may form Ca(OH)2, etc. Other components already contain water, e.g., NaOH, clays, hydrated alumina, NaB4O7.l0H2O, which will be released at moderate temperatures. The temperature at which this water is released will depend upon the nature of its bonding to the materials, i.e., physical or chemical, and the strength of these bonds. Removal of this water carries heat from the batch and increases the cost of processing. 氧化硼可部分转化为硼酸(H3BO3)，CaO可能形成Ca(OH)2等。其他成分已经含有水，如NaOH、clays、水化氧化铝、NaB4O7。l0H2O，将在中等温度下释放。水释放的温度取决于其与材料成键的性质，即。，物理或化学，以及这些键的强度。去除这些水会从批次中产生热量，并增加加工成本 Far more gas is released during the decomposition of carbonates, sulfates, and nitrates. The gases released expand to volumes much greater than that of the starting batch, resulting in considerable mixing and stirring action, which aids in homogenization of the melt. The creation of so much gas, however, also leads to the formation of an extremely large number of bubbles, which must be removed from the melt before processing is completed. 在碳酸盐、硫酸盐和硝酸盐的分解过程中释放出更多的气体。释放出来的气体体积比起始批次大得多，导致大量混合和搅拌作用，使熔体均匀化。然而，如此多的气体的产生也导致了大量的气泡的形成，这些气泡必须在加工完成之前从融化中除去。 The rapid formation of a liquid can entrap a portion of the air which initially occupies the space between particles, and result in bubble formation. Rapid heating of such a melt can lead to expansion of these bubbles and foaming of the melt. It is possible for the foaming due to trapped air to cause the melt to rise above the upper rim of a crucible, if the crucible is in