垂体叶功能减退.pptVIP

垂体前叶功能减退解放军总医院内分泌科窦京涛 垂体解剖 Functions of the pituitary gland: Each lobe of the pituitary gland produces certain hormones. anterior lobe: growth hormone prolactin - to stimulate milk production after giving birth ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - to stimulate the adrenal glands TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) - to stimulate the thyroid gland FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) - to stimulate the ovaries and testes LH (luteinizing hormone) - to stimulate the ovaries or testes intermediate lobe: melanocyte-stimulating hormone - to control skin pigmentation posterior lobe: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - to increase absorption of water into the bloodby the kidneys oxytocin - to contract the uterus during childbirth and stimulate milk production Hypopituitarism Hypopituitarism is a general term that refers to any under function of the pituitary gland. This is a clinical definition used by endocrinologists and is interpreted to mean that one or more functions of the pituitary are deficient. The term may refer to both anterior and posterior pituitary gland failure. Causes of hypopituitarism Deficient pituitary gland function can result from damage to either the pituitary or the area just above the pituitary, the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus contains releasing and inhibitory hormones which control the pituitary. Since these hormones are necessary for normal pituitary function, damage to the hypothalamus can also result in deficient pituitary gland function. Injury to the pituitary can occur from a variety of insults, including damage from an enlarging pituitary tumor, irradiation to the pituitary, pituitary apoplexy, trauma and abnormal iron storage (hemochromatosis). With increasing damage there is a progressive decrease in function. There appears to be a predictable loss of hormonal function with increasing damage. The progression from most vulnerable to least vulnerable is usually as follows: first is growth hormone (GH), next the gonadotropins (LH and