现代汉语管字句钻研.pdfVIP

摘 要 “管”字句是现代汉语口语中的一种常用句式。从语言形式上看，这些句子中都不 含表示否定的词语，但是从语义上来说，每个句子都表达否定的意义，而且这种否定意 义都是通过对句中“管”字的否定体现出来的，即“管”等于“不管”，我们把这种特 殊的句式称为“管”字句。“管”字句因其肯定形式表达否定意义的特殊性引起了不少 学者的关注。 本文借鉴学界已有的研究成果，在大量的语料基础上，尝试从句法、语义、语用等 多种角度对“管”字句进行全面分析和考察。除引言和结论部分外，主要分为这么几块 内容来阐述。 首先主要是对“管”字句进行分类。分类的依据是语义上的，也是句法上的，但最 终体现在句法上。我们大致上将“管”字句分为四类。从完整的句式到省略式，这种历 时的演变，体现了“管”字句的语法化和主观化过程，可以说现代汉语中的“管”字句 已经逐渐构式化，比如有的“管他（呢）”，形式上固定，也有了固定的语义，基本上 只是为了表达一种语气情态，带有随便、不关心、无所谓的语气。句末语气词“呢”等 可以加强这种语气。 其次着重分析的是“管”字句的语用功能。表反问的“管”字句本身就是一种语用 功能很强的句式，“管”从反问语气获得否定意义。“管”字句具有很强的情感功能。 最后着重谈谈“管”字句的主观性问题。主观性是语言的普遍现象，“管”字句的 主观性非常明显，表现在它的句子前后常伴随有表达说话人的情感情绪态度的词语；或 者直接就在“管”字句中加上带有强烈的感情色彩的骂詈语。 关键词：管字句，句法分类，语义特征，语用功能，语法化 I ABSTRACT The “guan” sentence is a common sentence patterns in spoken Chinese.Viewed from the perspective of the language form, these sentences are not contain negative meaning words, but semantically, every sentence expresses negative meaning, and the negative meaning are embodied by denying the “guan”word. “guan” equals “bu guan”, we named this special sentence as “guan” sentence. Because the “guan” sentences express negative meaning by using positive form, it has caused a lot of scholars attention. This paper is based on absorbing and drawing lessons from the relevant research results, and, On the base of researching of lots of materials, from three aspects, syntax, semantics and pragmatics, to explain systematically and fully the features and functions of “guan” sentence-types. Apart from introduction and conclusion. there are several chapters in this thesis. First and mainly to the “guan” sentence is classification. This classification is both on the basis of semantic and syntax, but finally m