翻译中的英汉对比.pptVIP

* * 第四讲 英汉语对比 2 教学内容 2.3 静态与动态（Static vs. Dynamic） 2.4 抽象与具体（Abstract vs. Concrete） 2.5 被动与主动 ( Passive vs. Active) 2.6 物称与人称 ( Impersonal vs. Personal) 2.3 静态与动态（Static vs. Dynamic） The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。 static (静态) dynamic (动态) English makes more use of nouns, adjectives, and prepositions, and is therefore more static. Chinese often employs verbs, adverbs, verbal phrases, repetition of verbs, and is therefore more dynamic. 2.3.1 化静为动 常见的英语静态句式有： 1）“be+名词” ①John is a lover of classic music. 约翰喜欢古典音乐。 ② We were all eyes as the box was opened. 盒子打开时，我们目不转睛地看着。 2）“be+形容词” ①His ill health has been a very anxious business. 他身体不好，令人十分担忧。 ②With the overthrow of the dictatorship in Portugal, all hopes are open to us. 葡萄牙的独裁统治被推翻了，这可以使我们产生各种希望。 3）“be+副词” That book will be out pretty soon. 那本书不久就要出版了。 4）“be+介词短语” “My life is in your hands,” the man declared. “我的性命就攥在你的手中，“ 男人郑重地说。 5）“be+过去分词” His father was planted squarely on his two foot. 他父亲的两脚像生了根似的四平八稳地站着。 2.3.2 化动为静 1. High in the Carolina mountains sits an orphanage. 在卡罗莱纳山地高处是一座孤儿院。 2. They thought differently. 他们想法不同。 3. Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 我们的时代是深刻的政治变化的见证。 4. Hospitals, insurance companies, banks and department stores might also appreciate storage that compact for their vast database. 医院、保险公司、银行和百货公司也会为能将他们庞大的数据库如此紧凑地保存起来而眉飞色舞。 2.4 抽象与具体 （ Abstract vs. Concrete） ① He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation. 他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。 ② Jack always says the wrong things at such times. 杰克总是在这种时候说错话。 ③ He is well prepared to face various difficulties. 面对各种困难，他有充分的准备。 抽象概念具体化 概括或笼统概念具体化 广义词义具体化 In English, an excessive reliance on the noun at the expense of the verb will insensibly induce a habit of abstraction, generalization and vagueness. In c