建筑能耗监测管理系统的设计与实毕业设计.doc

摘 要 在如今发展迅速的环境中，建筑能耗问题已引起了各个国家的重视，在我们的生活中对能源的消耗也也渐渐成为了我国的一大重要解决问题。我国对于建筑能耗的监测和管理的技术也已日趋完善。 本文主要研究如何用PC机对建筑物内的智能仪表进行监控和管理，采用何种通信方式完成计算机与智能仪表之间的通信。在本设计中主要可以分为上位机和下位机两大部分，上位机的主要任务是利用组态软件进行整个建筑能耗监测管理系统平台的设计，下位机则是利用单片机来模拟我们生活中的智能仪表，最后利用串口通信可以实现上位机对下位机的控制，并且可以提取下位机的数据。其中的通信用到了RS-485现场总线和Modbus通信协议，这也和现实工业中所应用的能耗监控系统相吻合。 关键词：建筑能耗 通信协议 RS-485 Modbus 智能仪表 Abstract In this rapid developmental environment, building energy consumption has raised much attention through many countries. Energy consumption has become an essential problem for us to solve not only in industry but also in our daily life. Our technology of monitoring and managing the building energy consumption has been gradually improved. This study focuses on how to use Personal Computer to monitor and manage the intelligent meters in buildings, and using what communication technology to achieve the communication between Personal Computer and intelligent meters. This design can be separated into two parts: Personal Computer and console computer. The former one is mainly used to design the monitoring and management system of building energy consumption. The latter one is designed to imitate the intelligent meters by using MCU. And thus manage the Personal Computer and console computer by using serial communication, and extract the data. RS-485 and Modbus protocols are used in this communication, which is consistent with the applied energy monitoring system in real industry. Key words：Building Energy consumption Protocols RS-485 Modbus Intelligent Meters 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 引 言 1 1. 绪论 2 1.1研究背景及意义 2 1.2 国内外发展现状 2 1.3 本课题的目的及意义 3 1.4 本课题研究的主要内容 3 2. RS-485现场总线 5 2.1 RS-485总线 5 2.2 RS-485总线的特点 5 2.3 RS-485总线布线规律 5 2.3 RS-485总线布线方法 6 3. Modbus通信协议 7 3.1 Modbus协议概述 7 3.2 Modbus物理层 7 3.3 协议报文 8 3.4 两种串行传输模式 9 3.4.1 ASCII模式 9 3.4.2 RTU模式 9 3.5 差错校验方法 10 3.5.1 LRC校验 10 3.5.2 CRC校验 11 4. 下位机系统设计 12 4.1 下位机系统硬件设计 12 4.1.1 RS-232转RS-485电路设计 12 4.1.2 RS-485转TTL电路设计 14 4.2 下位机软件设计 15 5. 上位机的组态软件设计 1