各种土壤粘结力.pptVIP

Tillage - Modern Tillage uses more energy than any other cropping procedure. Tillage requires time, since lifting the soil and moving it can not be done rapidly. The liquid limit is the gravimetric moisture content at which the soil changes from being plastic and starts to behave as a viscous liquid. The plastic limit is the gravimetric moisture content at which a soil changes from being ‘friable’ into being ‘plastic’. The plasticity index is defined as the difference between the liquid and plastic limits. Atterberg limits- The collective designation of five so-called limits of consistency of fine-grained soils, suggested by Albert Atterbrg, 1911-912, but with current usage usually retaining only the liquid limit, the plastic limit, and the plasticity number (or index). 四、Soil swell-shrink soils with more than 30% clay have a high Swell Shrink clay more S.S. Potential (if clay is 2:1) to avoid this problem soil must be compacted and water must be kept out. Without the above - Swell/shrink will crack foundations and pavements or move telephone poles. NO - Till Planting No till This planting system prepares a seedbed 2 inches wide or less, leaving most of the surface undisturbed and still covered with crop residues. The result is a wetter, colder environment that protects the seed and soil with its insulating effect of the surface residue. Chisel Plowing Chisel Plowing Disk Plowing Similar to Chisel plowing, some residues are turned under by the disk lifting and inverting the soil. * CHAPTER 12 SOIL TILLAGE AND MANAGEMENT Section1 Concept of soil tillage and basic manipulation ? 一、 Concept of soil tillage Tillage- The mechanical manipulation of the soil profile for any purpose. Soil tillage - oldest procedure of agriculture to manipulate the soil to improve crop production. Farmers of West Africa preparing their land for planting. Tillage – Objectives: (1) Preparation of seedbed (2) Control of weeds (3) Fluff soil - reduce bulk density of root zone