Sociology and ‘Rational’ Values - The University of Aberdeen社会学与“理性”的价值观-阿伯丁大学.pptVIP

Jurgen Habermas German Still Alive (1929-) Second generation Frankfurter Originally a Marxist, later associated with social reformism Persisting goal: developing the Enlightenment tradition of achieving social progress through rational critique of received ideas and practices Enlightenment Values and the Sociological tradition Enlightenment = the rational critique of received practices will enable social progress Marx = such progress is hampered by ‘false class consciousness’ Durkheim = social structures will promote appropriate, i.e. socially rational, norms and values But Weber = rational critique is incompatible with adherence to social values Foucault = rational critique is a claim to power HABERMAS CRITICAL THEORY What is Sociology for? Defending the Enlightenment tradition (Cultural) Marxism - Frankfurt Values and Rationality - ‘Praxis’ Cognitive Interests – Control, ? Communication, ? Criticism Developing Weber re (instrumental) rationality and the ‘iron cage’ but rejecting Foucault’s claim that rationality is experts’ ideology Does the ‘cultural turn’ lead from Marx to Parsons? Cultural Marxism Knowledge Focus on how social control is maintained through the cultural production of (false) knowledge e.g. Hegemony Term used by A. Gramsci to describe how the domination of one class over another is achieved by a combination of political and ideological means. Although political force, coercion, is always important, the role of ideology in winning the consent of the dominated classes may be even more significant… the latter being more important in capitalist societies. Source: Abercrombie et al Penguin dictionary of Sociology (emphasis added) KNOWLEDGE CONSTITUTING (COGNITIVE) INTERESTS Knowledge Interest Means Criterion Empirical Control Laws Proof presumes the capacity to share knowledge: requires ↓ Hermeneutic Communication Understanding Consensus presumes the adequacy of available interpretations: requires ↓ Cri