roleofmicroglia小胶质细胞.ppt

Role of Microglia in Neurotrauma Adapted from Neurotherapeutics. 2010 October ; 7(4): 366–377. doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2010.07.002. Introduction The role of microglia in the injured central nervous system (CNS) is under scrutiny, as research has begun to determine how microglial-mediated inflammation contributes to secondary injury and recovery of function following trauma. Whether microglias response to injury is ‘good’ or ‘bad’ is under debate, with strong support for a dual role. This review will explore the current research on microglial responses to CNS injury. The argument for a positive versus negative role of microglia will also be discussed. General Response of Microglia to Injury Detrimental responses of activated microglia Beneficial responses of microglial activation The Role of Microglia in Traumatic Brain Injury Therapeutic Implications General Response of Microglia to Injury Microglia express a set of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These highly conserved PRRs detect exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and enable microglia to identify and react to noxious stimuli and harmful events. Microglia also express receptors for a number of factors, including ATP glutamate, growth factors and cytokines, that are released by injured neurons. In the healthy adult brain, microglia are in a resting status and have a dendritic morphology with many processes. However, in response to injury, microglia undergo dramatic changes in cell morphology and behavior. once there, microglia act as a barrier between the injured and healthy tissue. Detrimental responses of activated microglia The production of vast numbers of cytotoxic chemicals and their association with neuronal cell death has long contributed to the view that microglia serve a detrimental role in the CNS . These neurotoxic substances include pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide free radi