Photon Interactions in Matter and Effect on Organ Systemsppt在物质与效应器官systemsppt光子相互作用.ppt

Chapter 2 and Chapter 6 X-Ray absorption in biologic tissue When a human tissue is exposed to electromagnetic energy this energy may interact with the atoms of the tissue or may not. When there is no interaction the x-ray photons passes trough the tissue without any effect. When there is interaction part of the energy is absorbed by the tissue, the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass is called absorbed dose. The absorbed dose should very low to avoid damages to the tissue. The absorption allows us to obtain radiographs diagnostic quality. Energy of photons in a diagnostic x-ray beam The energy of the x-ray beam is directly related to the kVp, the higher it is the grater the penetrating power of the x-ray beam. In diagnostic radiology this energy is expressed in thousands of volts and it is the intensity of the electrical voltage applied across the tube. 100 kVp means 100,000 eV bombarding the target. The beam contains photons with energy of 100 kEv, with an average energy of 33 kEv. X-Ray beam production and energy. The x-ray beam is produced when a beam of electrons interacts wit the target of the x-ray tube, the target is made out of tungsten it has a very high melting point and very high atomic number. It is located inside the x-ray tube under vacuum. When the electrons interact with the target x-ray photons are created, and they are directed towards the patient, when this bean is created it many levels of energy, and the lower levels of energy are filtered from the beam by and aluminum filter that removes the diagnostically useless photons hardening the x-ray beam. Questions What is the average energy on a 100 kEv x-ray beam? 33 kEv Is absorption necessary to obtain good quality radiographs? Yes Why is tungsten used in the manufacture of the target? High melting point and atomic number Attenuation When an x-ray beam passes through an object, it goes through a process called attenuation The term attenuation is rather broad; with respect to x-rays, it may