关于承运人船舶适航义务的的研究.docVIP

关于承运人船舶适航义务的研究 PAGE I摘 要作为国内外法学界与航海界关注的焦点之一，船舶适航历来是海上货物运输承运人的一项基本首要义务。本文以承运人船舶适航义务为研究对象，对其进行全面、系统而又深入的探讨，同时归纳出适航义务未来的发展趋势，以期对我国的海运实践起到借鉴作用。全文共分五部分：第一章为概述。从航运界和学术界对船舶适航性的理解入手，简要说明了本文的研究意义与目标，承运人船舶适航义务的国内外研究现状以及本文的研究方法与技术路线。第二章主要探讨船舶适航的判定标准。笔者从事实意义的角度分析了适航义务，包括船舶本身、船员、船舶载货处所等方面有关船舶适航的要求，然后对谨慎处理下的适航义务进行认真研究。第三章着力研究承运人船舶适航义务的时间问题。对船舶“开航前”与“开航当时”进行了界定。此外，还对国际间“航段适航主义”与“预定航程主义”作出比较，明确了其中的差异和各自的利弊。第四章为承运人船舶适航责任分析。在适航的举证上，承运人的证明力要比货方强，才能解除其对由于船舶不适航所造成船货损害的赔偿责任，对于谨慎处理使船舶适航的举证责任，则完全应由承运人承担。在责任限制上，船舶不适航并不必然导致船东丧失责任限制，除非不适航是由于船东的故意行为或重大过失所造成。在共同海损方面，若船舶不适航，发生共同海损船东将难以获得共同海损分摊金额。第五章为承运人船舶适航义务的发展趋势及我国的应对措施。笔者通过对近年来对适航影响最大的ISM规则、ISPS规则和《鹿特丹规则》的讨论，详细分析了适航在近年来所发生的变化，从而归纳出承运人船舶适航义务有复杂化、繁重化的发展趋势。最后，在论文的结尾处笔者就其所学知识为中国作为一个航运大国适应这样的趋势所应采取的措施提出了自己的两点建议。关键词：适航标准，谨慎处理，适航时间，适航责任ABSTRACTAs a focus of international maritime law society and transporting circle, the seaworthiness of vessel has always been a basic and paramount obligation of carriers who engage in carriage of goods by sea. The paper takes seaworthiness obligation of carriers as the subject, and analyzes it thoroughly, systematically and intensively. Meanwhile, the paper concludes the development trend of seaworthiness obligation in the future, so that the marine transportation practice in our state can learn experiences from it. The whole paper falls into five chapters:The first chapter is an overview. Based on the common views of seaworthiness in the international shipping circle and academic circle, the writer introduces the research objective and the research method of this paper, and the present research situation of seaworthiness obligation of carriers. The second chapter studies the judging standard of seaworthiness. The writer analyzes the factual seaworthiness, concluding seaworthiness?requirements on the aspects of hull seaworthiness, seaman seaworthiness and the seaworthiness of cargo places on board ships. And then, the writer studies the seaworthiness obligation of due diligence.The third chapter studies on the perio