不同时期非充分滴灌对棉花光合生产及产量 品质影响的分析-analysis of the influence of inadequate drip irrigation on cotton photosynthetic production and yield and quality in different periods.docxVIP
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不同时期非充分滴灌对棉花光合生产及产量 品质影响的分析-analysis of the influence of inadequate drip irrigation on cotton photosynthetic production and yield and quality in different periods
不同时期非充分滴灌对棉花光合生产及产量、品质影响的研究摘要试验在阿瓦提县丰收二场进行,采取裂区设计,以生育期为主区,灌水梯度为副区。试验分别 在进入现蕾期、初花期、盛铃期、以及现絮期开始胁迫处理,每个时期除对照外设 3 个灌水梯度, 分别为对照灌水量的 75%、50%、25%。结果表明:1. 在膜下滴管条件下进行非充分灌溉,棉花的耗水特性会随着灌水量的和灌水时期的不同而呈 现有规律的变化,土壤含水量均呈现出灌水后土壤含水量升高的规律。在 0-80cm 范围的土层中, 随着土层深度的逐渐加深土壤含水量也逐渐增大。不同定额、不同时期灌水处理对 60-80cm 土层土 壤含水量影响最小,对 0-20cm 土层土壤影响最大,随着生育进程的推移,不同定额灌水对更深土 层的影响也越大。2. 不同时期非充分灌溉对棉花冠层结构有显著影响,叶面积指数(LAI)、叶倾角(MTA)随着 灌水量的增加而增加,冠层开度(DIFN)表现的规律则相反。适宜的冠层结构可以提高通风透光性, 避免枝叶徒长并为获得高产打下基础。不同时期定额灌水处理对棉花干物质及干物质分配有显著影 响,干物质随着生育期内灌水量的增加而呈增加趋势,干物质分配随着灌水量的增加生殖器官所占 的比例呈增高趋势。3. 随着灌水量的减少,棉花叶绿素含量呈减少趋势。不同时期、不同灌水定额条件下,光合速 率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、表现出随着灌水量的减少而逐渐减小的特点。实际光化学效率(ΦPS II), 最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)与光合的变化规律一致。4. 不同灌水时期及灌水量对棉花上、中、下部棉絮的纤维品质均有一定影响,总体来说,水分 充足可以提高棉花上部的纤维长度,提高比强度和降低马克隆值。5. 本研究表明在蕾期和吐絮期对棉花进行适度的干旱胁迫可以提高棉花抵抗干旱的能力,提高 水分利用效率。在棉花初花期和盛铃期,干旱胁迫会造成棉花减产。关键词:非充分灌溉;光合;产量;品质Study on Effect of Non-full Irrigation on Photosynthetic Production and Yield, Quality of Cotton in Different PeriodsAbstractThe experiment in Awati town of Akesu country, take a split-plot design that the main area is growth stage and irrigation gradient as the deputy district. The stress treatment began in bud stage, flowing stage, boll stage and boll-opening stage. Each stage in addition to the control device 3 irrigation gradient which have the control irrigation amount of 75%,50%,25%. The results show that:In the film the dropper is carried out under the condition of Non-full irrigation,water characteristics with the irrigation quantity and irrigation time different and changed regularly consumption of cotton, soil moisture content showed after irrigation, soil moisture increased regularity. In the range of 0 to 80cm soil layer, with the depth gradually deepened soil moisture content increases. Different period, different irrigation quota of 60-80cm soil water effect of minimum, the greatest impact on the 0-20cm soil layer, with the growth process, effects of different irrigation quota of deeper layers is also larger.Different periods of Non-full irrigation
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