如何搞懂最难的虚拟语气.docVIP

第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 8 页虚拟语气非真实条件句 1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。a. 与现在事实相反的假设条件从句主句一般过去时（be用were）should（would）等 +动词原形例如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。含义：They are not here, they can’t help you.b. 与过去事实相反的假设条件从句主句过去完成时should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想条件从句主句一般过去时should/would等 + 动词原形were+ 不定式should+ 动词原形例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。　 If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.　 混合条件句 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。　 （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。 虚拟条件句的倒装 　虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：1. Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。2. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。3. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：　　1. If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。2. If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。　　 特殊的虚拟语气词should 1）在主语从句中的应用It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。It is 可用的词有三类that（should）dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange essential等a pity, a shame, no wonder等2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, ins