工艺条件对铜电解精炼过程直流电耗的影响孙亚峰任兵芝王宏丹.DOCVIP

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7545.2018.06.002doi：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7545.2018.06.002孙亚峰，任兵芝，王宏丹，夏文堂，邓佑明，向威，王磊（重庆科技学院 冶金与材料工程学院冶金工程系，重庆 401331）摘要：采用单因素试验研究了电解液温度（40?70 ℃）、电流密度（200?320 A/m2）、H2SO4浓度（110?230 g/L）、Cu2+浓度（25?65 g/L）、极间距（20?35 mm）等工艺条件对铜电解精炼过程直流电耗的影响规律。结果表明，随着电流密度和极间距的增大，直流电耗显著升高，随电解液温度和硫酸浓度的增加而显著降低；随着电解液中铜离子浓度的增大，直流电耗先急剧降低，然后趋于平稳，在55 g/L时电耗最小。关键词：铜电解精炼；直流电耗；工艺条件；槽电压中图分类号：TF811；TF804 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1007-7545（2018）06-0000-00Effect of Process Conditions on Power Consumption of Copper ElectrorefiningSUN Ya-feng, REN Bing-zhi, WANG Hong-dan, XIA Wen-tang, DENG You-ming, XIANG Wei, WANG Lei(Department of Metallurgical Engineering, School of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China)Abstract：Influences of electrolyte temperature (40?70 ℃), current density (200?320 A/m2), sulfuric acid concentration (110?230 g/L), cupric ion concentration (25?65 g/L), and electrode spacing (20?35 mm) on power consumption of copper electrorefining were investigated by single factor experiment. The results show that power consumption rises significantly with increase of current density and electrode spacing, and drops remarkably with rise of electrolyte temperature and sulfuric acid concentration. Upon rising of Cu2+ concentration, power consumption drops sharply firstly and then tends to maintain stable, the minimum power consumption is obtained with Cu2+ concentration of 55 g/L.Key words：copper electrorefining; power consumption; process condition; cell voltage工业上，80%以上的铜产量是用火法冶金从硫化铜精矿中提取的。硫化铜精矿经过熔炼、吹炼和火法精炼后，得到的阳极铜的品位为99.2%?99.7%，最后通过电解精炼的方法，进一步将铜的品位提升到99.95%以上[1]。在铜电解精炼生产中，直流电耗约占整个电解铜生产车间直接成本的60%左右，显著影响电解铜生产的经济效益[2]。为降低铜电解精炼的能耗，人们从电流密度[2-8]、极距[2-3,5]、电解液成分[2,4-5,7,9]、电解液温度[2-5,7]、添加剂[2-4,6-7,9]、电解液循环量[3-7]、阴阳极周期[4,7]、进液方式[7-8,10]等方面进行了研究，以降低槽电压[3-4,9-10]，提高电流效率[2,5,10]。本文在实验室条件下系统研究了电解液温度、电流密度、电解液成分、极间距等工艺参数对铜电解精炼过程直流电耗的影响。1 试验1.1 原料铜电解精炼试验采用紫铜板作阳极，不锈钢板作阴极，用硫酸和硫酸铜的混合水溶液作电解液，阴、阳极板相间地插入电解槽，通入直流电进行电解。铜在阴极上沉积，杂质则以离子