医学ppt课件肾脏病理生理学.pptVIP

Renal Insufficiency;“To be a great champion you must believe you are the best. If you’re not, pretend you are….!” – Muhammad Ali ;TOPICS ;Functions of kidney;The kidneys play an essential role in maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance.  They produce some hormones including renin, prostaglandins, erythropoietin, and active vitamin D.  So, they are crucial in the regulation of blood pressure, formation of matured red blood cells, and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus.;Functions of the Kidney;Anatomy of Kidney;;Manifestation of renal dysfunction;体内VitD3的代谢过程;Acute Renal Failure, ARF;Definition Etiology classification Prerenal failure Intrinsic renal failure Post(obstructive) renal failure Pathogenesis Clinical manifestation Therapy;Definition;急性肾功能衰竭的定义;Etiology;Causes; 肾前性急性肾功能衰竭的发生机制;Intrinsic renal failure - Diseases of the renal parenchyma, specifically involving the renal tubules, glomeruli, interstitium ATN, ischemia, toxins (eg, aminoglycosides, radiocontrast, heme pigments, cisplatin, myeloma light chains, ethylene glycol) Interstitial diseases - Acute interstitial nephritis, drug reactions, autoimmune diseases (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]), infiltrative disease (sarcoidosis, lymphoma), infectious agents (Legionnaire disease, hantavirus) Acute glomerulonephritis Vascular diseases - Hypertensive crisis, polyarteritis nodosa, vasculitis ;Postrenal failure - Diseases causing urinary obstruction from the level of the renal tubules to the urethra Tubular obstruction from crystals (eg, uric acid, calcium oxalate, acyclovir, sulfonamide, methotrexate, myeloma light chains) Ureteral obstruction - Retroperitoneal tumor, retroperitoneal fibrosis (methysergide, propranolol, hydralazine), urolithiasis, papillary necrosis Urethral obstruction - Benign prostatic hypertrophy; prostate, cervical, bladder, colorectal carcinoma; bladder hematoma; bladder stone; obstructed Foley catheter; neurogenic bladder.;Causes of ARF in te