私人参与公共运输系统的研究.doc

PPIAFStudy of Systems of Private Participation in Public Transport私人参与公共运输系统研究London伦敦(英国首都)June 2005 2005年6月Prepared by : Brendan FinnTable 1 : Basic Data表1:基础数据City城市London伦敦Area地区London 伦敦Country国家England, UK英国Transport Authority运输机构Greater London Authority大伦敦机构Agency Name代理机构名称Transport for London伦敦运输URL一致资源定址器 HYPERLINK .uk .uk Area of coverage覆盖区域Greater London area大伦敦地区Population人口(urban)(市区)(suburban)(郊区)7,388,000Area 地区(urban)(市区)(suburban)(郊区)Central London 大伦敦 27 sq. km.Rest of Inner London剩余的伦敦内城 294 sq. km.Outer London 伦敦以外 1,259 sq. km.All Greater London整个大伦敦 1,579 sq. km.Procurement basis获得基础Open competitive tendering on route or route lot basis for standard 5-year contracts on gross-cost basis with quality incentives公开的竞争性投标标的是有质量激励的标准5年总成本合同基础上的路线或是路线用地.Transport modes运输形式Bus, underground, commuter rail, LRT公交,地铁,往返火车,LRTTable 2 : Political Framework and History of Reform表2: 行政框架和改革历史City城市London伦敦General Political contest普遍的行政竞争Nature of national political system国家行政系统的性质Hierarchy of Authorities国家行政系统的性质Central Government establishes national Transport policy and establishes the legal framework.中央政府建立国家运输政策和法律框架.Greater London Authority (GLA) is the statutory municipal authority for the Greater London area. The next layer is the Borough, of which there are 33 in the Greater London Area. Each Borough has its own local authority. 大伦敦机构(GLA)是大伦敦地区法定的市政机构.下一层是自治市镇,在大伦敦地区有33个.每一个自治市镇有它自己的当地的机构.The Mayor is directly elected. The GLA is governed by the London Assembly, to which 25 members are elected at the same time as the Mayor. 14 of these are elected from constituencies, and a further 11 from a London-wide list. 市长是直接选举的.GLA由伦敦议会统治,25个成员是和市长同时被选举的.其中14个是从选举区的全体选民中选择的,另外的11个是从伦敦范围的列单中选择的.Allocation of powers among jurisdictions权限的分配In the rest of the UK, transport authorities have no power over commercial services. They are the authority for services which, under limited circumstances, they procure under contract. 在英国的其他地区,运输机构在商业服务上没有权力.他们只是在有