DRUGSUSEDFORANESTHESIA,MUSCLERELAXATION用于麻醉的药物，肌肉松弛.ppt

3rd: intercostal muscles 4th: diaphragm Recovery is in the reverse order a. Tubocurarine This is the prototype of the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. It is found in curare, which derives from the South American plant genus Strychnos. It has a slow onset (5 min) and a long duration of action (1-2 hours), and it is not commonly used any more. b. Pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) Full muscle paralysis for major surgery is achieved in about 2–4 minutes, recovery is about 2-3 hours It is also found as one of the components in lethal injections. Amnesty International has objected to this use stating that it may mask the condemned prisoners suffering during the execution”. Pancuronium bromide was one of the compounds used by Efren Saldivar, the Angel of Death”. He was a serial killer who murdered patients while working as a respiratory therapist. He was employed by the Glendale Adventist Medical Center, working the night shift, when there were fewer staff on duty. The police, in searching for evidence strong enough to obtain a court conviction, exhumed the remains of 20 patients who had died during the time Saldivar was on duty. They were specifically looking for unusually high levels of Pavulon in the cadaver, as this drug remains identifiable for many months. 6 of the 20 cadavers had evidence of a lethal concentration of Pancuronium bromide. blank stare slurred speech A BBC report in May 2000 claimed that medical research had shown that controlled tests on ketamine users had revealed impaired memory and mild schizophrenia several days after taking the drug. Ketamine was classified as a Class C drug in 2005. Other class C drugs include cannabis and anabolic steroids Ketamine plays an extensive role in the season 2 finale of House, M.D, titled “No reason” 5. Propofol (Diprivan) From DI-isoPRopyl IV ANesthetic chemical name: 2,6-diisopropylphenol Propofol is a sedative/hypnotic that can be used for induction or maintenance of general ane