欧洲文化入门第八章ppt课件.pptVIP

行业处理客户投诉的技巧课件神经内科医疗质量及管理规范神经疾病病情观察及能力培养社区老年痴呆的全科诊疗身边的侵害和保护少先队礼仪文化知识培训 European Culture：An Introduction Division Eight Marxism and Darwinism Marxism and Darwinism The Rise of Marxism Darwinism General Introduction Marxism was born in the 19th century from European culture. It was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment, German post-Kantian philosophy, English classical political economy, and early 19th century European socialism. Historical Background The Industrial Revolution beginning in the 18th century in Britain resulted the rapid development of modern capitalism as well as the growth of the working class as a powerful independent political force. the first economic crisis occurred in the 1820s. the industrial growth and class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie strengthened the organization of the working class. The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism a. German Classical Philosophy and Marxist Philosophy i. Hegelian dialectics 黑格尔辩证法 ii. Feuerbach’s materialism 费尔巴哈唯物论 iii. Marxist philosophy马克思主义哲学 iv. Marxist historical materialism马克思历史唯物论 Max and Engels developed utopian socialism to scientific socialism. they declared that socialism would be realized through class struggle, and that only the proletariat was a really revolutionary class. The sketch of historical evolution: I. Mediaeval Society II. Capitalist Revolution III. Proletarian Revolution Marx and Literature Literature, for Marx, is not simply a means of expression; it is also a means of self-constitution. To Marx, works of literature are products, authors are products, and literature cannot remain unaffected by the modes of production and consumption prevalent in the society within which and for which it is produced. Summing-up Marx discovered the law of development of human history and he also discovered the special law of motion governing the present-day capitalist of production and the bourgeois soc