外文翻译寻找的环境和编译器的问题.docVIP

外文原文 来源： Thinking in Java Bruce Eckel Chapter 8 Finding Environment and Compiler Problems The behavior of a program is dependent not only on its code and input data files and user input, but also on the environment in which it runs. For example, a program may run fine in the controlled environment where it was developed, but it can fail on some user systems. Maintenance work such as an OS update, a new software installation, or a service pack update to the development system will cause seemingly unrelated program failures. In this chapter we discuss the effect of environment changes, and list some tools that visualize what the processes of a program are doing. We also address compiler bugs, and incompatibilities between the debugger and compiler. 8.1 Environment Changes ?Where Problems Begin An environment dependency can manifest itself in many unpredictable ways. The following sections list typical environment dependencies, including environment variables and installation dependencies. We show how to diagnose such a dependency,and how to either anticipate or avoid them in a program. 8.1.1 Environment Variables User-defined environment variables are a frequent reason why a program behaves differently on different systems and for different users. The variables that have the most influence are PATH and LD LIBRARY PATH on UNIX, and PATH, LIB, and INCLUDE on Windows. PATH is used to locate other programs. On UNIX,LD LIBRARY PATH variable is used to locate the shared libraries that are dynamically loaded into the program. On Windows, the operating system uses the PATH variable to find programs and dynamic link libraries (DLLs). Picking up the wrong version of a DLL can have fatal consequences. If you observe that a program behaves correctly in one environment, and changes behavior in another, the program may switch internal behavior depending on one or more environment variables. Make sure the difference is consistent and can be reproduced,by running the program m