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Mental Practice The Use of Mental Practice in Occupational Therapy for Stroke Patients Sarah Freeman sarah@sarahfreeman.co.uk Objectives Definition of mental practice Types of mental imagery The effectiveness of mental practice The use of mental practice in stroke rehabilitation and in occupational therapy Areas for further research What is mental practice? ‘the symbolic rehearsal of a physical activity in the absence of any gross muscular movements’ (Richardson, 1967) Mental practice is achieved through the use of mental imagery The effects of mental and physical practice are functionally similar Types of mental imagery Visual eg Imagining the movement of a visual form Motor eg imagining your own hand moving Kinaesthetic eg imagining the feeling of your hand moving Types of mental imagery Internal Imagery- an internal recreation of the task: Effective for planning a task External Imagery- an outside perspective of performance: More effective for learning subsequent retention The effectiveness of mental practice Combined with physical practice, mental practice: improves performance to the same, or a higher extent than physical practice alone increases the rate of skill acquisition may facilitate greater performance than that of a control condition of no input Stroke rehabilitation approaches All approaches involve the process of re-learning Eg: Neurodevelopmental treatment (Bobath) Motor re-learning (Carr Shepherd) Task- oriented approaches Compensatory Mental practice theories It is debated whether mental practice relies on motor, cognitive or motivational processes Mental practice is more effective when learning simple tasks Imagery abilities may vary Tasks learned must be meaningful prior experience of the activity is necessary How mental imagery can promote functional independence through relearning Mental practice used in occupational therapy Page, Levine Leonard (2005) Investigated the efficacy of mental practice in increasing the