十大未材料.docVIP

HYPERLINK /forum.php?mod=viewthreadtid=204062extra=page%3D1 十大未来材料AerogelAerogel protecting crayons from a blowtorch.This tiny block of transparent aerogel is supporting a brick weighing 2.5 kg. The aerogels density is 0.1 g/cm3.Aerogel holds 15 entries in the Guinness Book of Records, more than any other material. Sometimes called frozen smoke, aerogel is made by the supercritical drying of liquid gels of alumina, chromia, tin oxide, or carbon. Its 99.8% empty space, which makes it look semi-transparent. Aerogel is a fantastic insulator — if you had a shield of aerogel, you could easily defend yourself from a flamethrower. It stops cold, it stops heat. You could build a warm dome on the Moon. Aerogels have unbelievable surface area in their internal fractal structures — cubes of aerogel just an inch on a side may have an internal surface area equivalent to a football field. Despite its low density, aerogel has been looked into as a component of military armor because of its insulating properties.2. Carbon nanotubesCarbon nanotubes are long chains of carbon held together by the strongest bond in all chemistry, the sacred sp2 bond, even stronger than the sp3 bonds that hold together diamond. Carbon nanotubes have numerous remarkable physical properties, including ballistic electron transport (making them ideal for electronics) and so much tensile strength that they are the only substance that could be used to build a space elevator. The specific strength of carbon nanotubes is 48,000 kN·m/kg, the best of known materials, compared to high-carbon steels 154 kN·/kg. Thats 300 times stronger than steel. You could build towers hundreds of kilometers high with it.3. MetamaterialsMetamaterial refers to any material that gains its properties from structure rather than composition. Metamaterials have been used to create microwave invisibility cloaks, 2D invisibility cloaks, and materials with other unusual optical properties. Mother-of-pearl gets its rai