动词不定式常考点归纳..docVIP

动词不定式的常考点归纳一、不定式的时态和语态主 动被 动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing /Eg. 1.I happened to have seen the film.2.AIDS is said to have been the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few year. 主动的形式表示被动:①句中存在不定式的逻辑主语, 构成逻辑上的主谓关系：eg.) The master gave his dog a few bones to eat. I have a lot of papers to type.(比较:I am free now. Do you have any papers to be typed?) ②在“形容词+不定式”结构中, 如不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,那么不定式多用主动语态.常见形容词：hard, difficult, easy, fit, cheap, expensive, interesting, etc.Eg.) The water is fit to drink. The couch is comfortable to sit on.=It is comfortable to sit on the couch. ③在there be结构中,倾向于用不定式主动语态表示被动意义.Eg.) There is always much work to do in the house.④下列句子惯用不定式主动语态.Eg.) The house is to let/to be let. 这房子待出租。He is not to blame. 他不该受责备。 二、不定式的否定式其基本形式是not to do, not必须置于整个不定式结构之前。The patient was warned not to eat only food after the operation.三、不定式的省略与保留1.??在had better, would rather, would rather…than…, cannot but, why (not) 等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。如:eg.) You’d better tell her the truth.2.???动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语，且介词之前有动词do或其它形式时，不定式符号to通常被省略。Eg.) What do you like to do besides swim?My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her.3．在某些感官动词或使役动词（如：hear，listen to， notice，observe， see， watch， make等）之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中，不定式符号to总是被省略， 但在被动语态的句子中，不定式符号to通常保留。Eg.) They made that man work all the morning.That man was made to work all the morning.4.为了避免重复，在hope， wish， want， like， love，decide， mean， prefer， have to， be able to， be going to， used to， ought to等动词及习语后面出现与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其它部分省略。Eg.) Ms King lied to us because she had to.5.当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时, 为了避免重复, 常保留不定式符号to，而把后面的动词省略.eg.) She wants to come , but her parents won’t allow her to. If he doesn’t want to go there, don’t force him to. He didn’t come, though we