八年级英语下册Unit 6 How long have ou been collecting shells 知识讲解.docVIP

八年级英语下册Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells　知识讲解一.【单元目标】Ⅰ.单词与短语collect　marathon 　skate　 pair　 since 　raise　 several 　　stamp 　 kite 　 monsterglobe 　 anyone 　　store 　cake 　particularly 　 collector 　common 　extra 　topiccapital　thousand 　quite 　certain 　missin fact　 　　　　　　 其实;实际上 run out of　 用完;用尽by the way　　　　　 　顺便;附带说说 be interested in 　　 对……感兴趣more than 　　　　　　 比……多 　make a list of 　　　　列清单thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事 think of / about sth. 想起某事Ⅱ.目标句型：1. How long have you been doing…? 2. I’ve been doing…since…3. How long did sb. do…? 4. He / She did sth. for…5. What do you collect? 6. When did you start?7. How many do you have?　 8. What do you like to collect in the future?9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?Ⅲ.语法现在完成进行时二.【重难点分析】1. 现在完成进行时构成：肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。(1)I have been learning English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。(2)She has been skating for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。(3)I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not，have not和has not可以分别缩写成haven’t和hasn’t，如：(1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧?(2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗?(3)I haven’t been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。(表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。)2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。如：I have read a book about birds. (已经读完)I have been reading a book about birds.(一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去)(2)两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩;现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。如：She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。(抱怨、厌烦)三.【重点词汇】1. since的用法：(1)conj.①(引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时)自从……以来;……以后eg.It was years since l had seen her.自从我见到她(到那时)又过去好几年了。his just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚好有一周了。②(引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首)既然;因为eg.Since he says so，it must be true.　既然他这么说，那一定是真的。(2)pr