角动量平方算符的本征函数及本征值2011版.docVIP

Created by T. Yang Page PAGE 3 of NUMPAGES 24 Lecture 15 Angular Momentum Operators and the Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues of L2第十五讲 角动量算符的平方的本征函数及本征值进入真实的三维空间OutlineOutlinePart 1 IntroductionPart 2 Constructing operators of observables Part 3 Eigenequations of L2 (3D equation)Part 4 Orthogonality of the EigenfunctionsPart 5 Discussion on Degeneracy(简并度)Part 1 IntroductionAngular momentum is very important in problems involving a central force （有心力场）(one that is always directed towards or away from a central point) because in that case it is conserved (守恒的). Bohr Radius The potential energy diagram for an H atom with one of the allowed energy values superimposed on it.The potential energy diagram for an H atom with one of the allowed energy values superimposed on it. Observe as different photon energies send Hydrogens single electron into higher level energy levels, increasing its radius due to the conservation of angular momentum.Part 2 Constructing operators of observables 量子力学引入力学量算符的规则：如果量子力学中的力学量在经典力学中有相应的力学量，则表示这个力学量的算符由经典表示式中将换为算符而得出。From rectangular coordinate system To spherical coordinate systemStep 1:Step 2:Step 3: Step 1: Step 2:Part 3 Eigenequations of L2 (3D equation)Eigenfunctions of and 用分离变量法求解：Set the solution Angular Equation or Spherical Harmonic Equation is a continuous and continuously differentiable function through isotropic media. Furthermore, the wave function has to be finite and single valued throughout position space.m is called as Orbital Angular Momentum Magnetic Quantum Number（轨道角动量磁量子数）.Associated Legendre Equation if let The equation for m = 0 is easy to solve. This is the famous Legendre EquationEquating the coefficient of each power of ‘x’ to zero.For large k, k(k+1) ?The solution may diverge T may not be acceptable. The choice is to letterminates the power series when is finite integer is called as Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum Number（轨道角量子数）The acceptable