“宾语太长”两种模式.docVIP

“宾语太长”两种模式 　　在新概念英语第三册第一课里，有这样一个句子：Wherever it went， it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits。这个句子，正儿八经的语序其实应该是这样的：Wherever it went， it left （a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits）behind it。那为何behind it非要提前呢？只因宾语太长。“宾语太长”几乎没有语法书专门提及，但却是一个极其重要的语法现象，高考中，只要题目稍微难一点，考生必定丢分无疑。“宾语太长”这一语法现象，笔者将其分为两种模式：形式宾语模式和非形式宾语模式。 　　首先，我们来看比较简单的形式宾语模式，可以通过以下三个例题来呈现形式宾语模式的三种常见状况： 　　1. I think not difficult English every morning. 　　A. that；keep reading B. it’s；keep reading 　　C. that；to keep read D. it；to keep reading 　　2.They considered it little use more money on it. 　　A. spend B. spending C. spent D. having spent 　　3.Why don’t you bring to his attention that you are too busy to do it？ 　　A. that B. what C. which D. it 　　三题中，第一题最简单，选D。第二题选B，涉及it is no/little use doing的用法。第三题选D。三个例题都因宾语太长，只能用it来做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放置于句子较后位置，第一题为代“不定式”的形式宾语，第二题为代“分词”的形式宾语，第三题为代“从句”的形式宾语。 　　接下来，我们来看稍微有点难度的非形式宾语模式下的“宾语太长”。 　　4. The sinking of Titanic， one of the greatest tragedies of 20th century， a great number of mysteries. 　　A. left it behind B. left behind it 　　C. leaving behind it D. leaving behind 　　此题同开头引用的新概念课文句子，答案选B。Behind it提前只因left的宾语a great number of mysteries太长。 　　5. We have done things we ought not to have done and undone things we ought to have done. 　　A. left B. leaving C. will leave D. to leave 　　此题稍微难一点，题中隐含leave的用法：leave+宾语+过去分词，即此处的leave sth. undone，这个sth.就是things we ought to have done我们本该做的事情，还原成原句序为：and （things we ought to have done）undone，这样就可以轻松选定答案A。And为平行连词，此处与前面的done平行双生，因此选定left。 　　6. The disappearance of dinosaurs made the rise of mammals which gave birth to young baby animals. 　　A. it was possible B. it possible 　　C. possible to be D. possible 　　此题答案选择D项。初看起来有些冲击力，将其还原成原句序为：made（the rise of mammals which gave birth to young baby animals）possible，这个宾语太长，因此需将短短的宾补possible提前。 　　7. We must always alive the memory of what we have learnt. 　　A. keep B. remain C. stay D. hold 　　此题答案选A。Keep sth. alive使某物继续存在/持续下去，只因宾语the memory of what we have learnt太长