欧盟政经.pptVIP

* * European Studies, European related or EU-related studies, not Europe related studies. It is different from British studies, German studies. In the West world the studies of European integration started from the political scientists. Along with the development of economic integration, economist began to pay more attention to the European integration. In China, the studies of European integration started from economists, and then political scientists. Along with the development of International Political Economy, a new approach of political economy become to play more important role. * Before the 1960s, the approach of political sciences had three characteristics: Nation-State Centralism. National soverignty and national interest as the core. Political integration as the end. Accordingly, integration means political integration, means to establish a new kind of state or supra-national entity. 首先，建立在政治现实主义基础上的“国家中心论”长期占据主导地位，对政治现象的研究总是基于主权国家这一基本行为主体，其基本的理论假定就是，国家是惟一的(single)、理性的(rational)和统一(united)的政治行为主体，一体化所要解决的核心问题就是如何维持国家间的和平以及确立一种新型的主权国家间关系。 其次，传统政治学理论在国际问题的研究领域，除了坚持其国家中心论假定之外，一直强调国家主权的神圣不可侵犯性(absoluteness)，强调国家利益的至高无上地位(absoluteness; supremacy)。因此，一体化的最主要动因仍旧是维护国家的主权和国家利益。 第三，在国家间关系中，强调相对于其他关系而言之政治关系的主导地位(dominate role)，即国家间的政治与安全关系为“高政治”(high politics)，经济及其他关系为“低政治”(low politics)，国家对外政策和对外行为总是受高政治支配的。  * The impacts of traditional approach on European integration studies can be seen from three basic theoretical assumptions of regional integration: First, Integration is basically the political behaviour of states，a process of political bargaining by political communities. In the process economics serve the political, strategic and security interests. 一体化主要是一种主权国家的政治行为(integration and the behaviour of states)，是政治共同体之间为谋求政治、安全与战略利益，在政治上进行讨价还价的过程，经济过程完全是服务于政治需要的。欧洲联合与一体化百年多的历史充分证明了这一点。从15世纪法国亨利四世提出欧洲统一的设想起，欧洲人对一体化的夙求，就一直是出于政治和安全的动因。[1] (2) The precondition of integration is not the level of economic development. The convergence of political syste