材料科学基础FndamentalsofMaterialsScience.pptVIP

材料科学基础 Fundamentals of Materials Science References 1. E. J.Mittemeijer, Fundamentals of materials science. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heideiberg 2010. 2. W.D. Callister, J.r, Foundations of materials science and engineering. USA.5th-ed. John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2001. 3. W.F. Smith, Foundations of materials science and engineering. New York, McGraw-Hill book Co.1992. 4. C. Kittel, Introduction to solid state physics. USA. 8 th-ed. John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2005. 5. 周公度，结构与物性，第三版，高等教育出版社，2009. 6. 潘金生等，材料科学基础，修订版，北京，清华大学出版社，2011. 7. 胡赓祥，蔡珣等 材料科学基础，第三版，上海，上海交通大学出版社， 2010. §2.3 Indices of crystal planes directions Ⅰ. What are crystal planes and directions ? 1. Steps to determinate the plane indices: ① Establish a set of coordinate axes ② Find the intercepts of the planes to be indexed on a, b and c axes (x, y, z). ③ Take the reciprocals of the intercepts 1/x, 1/y, 1/z. ④ Clear fractions but do not reduce to lowest integers. ⑤ Enclose them in parentheses, (h k l) Example: 1/2,1,2/3 2,1,3/2 (423) Plane indices referred to three axes a, b and c are also called Miller Indices. 2. The important planes in cubic crystals 3. A family of planes consists of equivalent planes so far as the atom arrangement is concerned. Ⅲ. Direction Indices 1. Derivation for the crystallographic direction Firstly, set a point on the indexed direction as the origin point of coordinate axes. Find the coordinates of another point on the indexed direction： x，y，z. Reduce x，y，z to three smallest integers: u, v, w. Enclose in square brackets [u v w]. 晶向族 uvw 晶体中原子排列情况相同但空间位向不同的一组晶向，用uvw表示。在立方晶系里，数字相同，但排列顺序不同或正负号不同的晶向属于同一晶向族。 如100=[100]+[001]+[010] 2. The important direction in cubic crystals: 100 : crystal axes 110 : face diagonal 111 : body diagonal 112 : apices to opposite face-centers [’eipisi:z] apex[’eipeks] 3. Family of direction