计算机网络 自顶向下方法 第六篇(英文版课件).pptVIP

Chapter 6: Wireless and Mobile Networks Background: # wireless (mobile) phone subscribers now exceeds # wired phone subscribers! computer nets: laptops, palmtops, PDAs, Internet-enabled phone promise anytime untethered Internet access two important (but different) challenges communication over wireless link handling mobile user who changes point of attachment to network Chapter 6 outline 6.1 Introduction Wireless 6.2 Wireless links, characteristics CDMA 6.3 IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs (“wi-fi”) 6.4 Cellular Internet Access architecture standards (e.g., GSM) Mobility 6.5 Principles: addressing and routing to mobile users 6.6 Mobile IP 6.7 Handling mobility in cellular networks 6.8 Mobility and higher-layer protocols 6.9 Summary Elements of a wireless network Elements of a wireless network Elements of a wireless network Characteristics of selected wireless link standards Elements of a wireless network Elements of a wireless network Wireless Link Characteristics Differences from wired link …. decreased signal strength: radio signal attenuates as it propagates through matter (path loss) interference from other sources: standardized wireless network frequencies (e.g., 2.4 GHz) shared by other devices (e.g., phone); devices (motors) interfere as well multipath propagation: radio signal reflects off objects ground, arriving ad destination at slightly different times …. make communication across (even a point to point) wireless link much more “difficult” Wireless network characteristics Multiple wireless senders and receivers create additional problems (beyond multiple access): Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) used in several wireless broadcast channels (cellular, satellite, etc) standards unique “code” assigned to each user; i.e., code set partitioning all users share same frequency, but each user has own “chipping” sequence (i.e., code) to encode data encoded signal = (original data) X (chipping sequence) decoding: inner-product of encoded signal and chipping