第一节先天性畸形（Section congenital malformations）.docVIP

第一节先天性畸形（Section 1 congenital malformations）The seventy-second chapter is deformity of motion systemThe human motor system consists of bones, muscles, muscles, legs, peripheral nerves and bone connections. According to the etiology, it can be divided into neurogenic, non neurogenic and traumatic malformations (see the chapter of bone and joint injury).Section 1 congenital malformationsCongenital torticollisCongenital muscular torticollis (congenital torticollis) is one of the fibrous contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which causes the neck and head to face deviation. The incidence of breech or forceps increased neonatal torticollis.Various causes lead to fibrosis of sternocleidomastoid muscle, and gradually contracture leads to the appearance of torticollis. The cause of muscle fibrosis is not very clear. Most scholars think that the birth and pull breech delivery, and other factors lead to sternocleidomastoid muscle injury bleeding, hematoma, contracture and formation.When the baby was born, the side of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was found to have a mass, and the tumor was hard and hard in 2 and 3 weeksActivity, spindle shape, finger size. About half a year, the tumor gradually subsided, but the sternocleidomastoid muscle fiber contracture, shortened, as a cable shape, pull the pillow and bias to the affected side, lower collar to the healthy side of the shoulder. With the growth and development, bilateral facial asymmetry, healthy side full, the smaller side, the eyes are not in a horizontal line, serious lead to cervical scoliosis deformity (Figure 72, 1). The diagnosis and differential diagnosis are based on the clinical manifestations. The sternocleidomastoid muscle of the affected side is characterized by a line like contracture, and the head and face deviation can be used to make a definite diagnosis.Differential diagnosis:1. the cervical abnormalities of skeletal torticollis, such as atlantoaxial subluxation, hemi vertebral body, and sternocl