什么是主语,谓语,定语,状语.docVIP

一、非谓语动词“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词.它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语).有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语.这些动词归纳如下：一感(feel)．二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe).再加上help somebody(to)do something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing.还有“二让”属特殊：get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing.而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语.这些动词归纳为一句话：Papa C makes friends.这是由如下动词的开头字母组成：permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受). 为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜：“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”.其相对应的动词依次是：permit/allow,finish,practise；advise／suggest, avoid,risk： consider, delay, escape／miss； enjoy／appreciate, keep, imagine； need/want／require,mind． cant help／can’t stand.二、复合句1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别.例如：A、The news that our team has won the match is true． (同位语从句)B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here． (定语从句)关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that：有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位.因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用.2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which：that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)最高级：which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性).例如：A、All that we have to do is to practise every day．B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten．C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home．?三、It的用法1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语.而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后.例如：It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语.这些表语是：无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good)；工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、又危险(a danger).例如：A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.B、It is a waste of time waiting for him．2、It还可以作形式宾语.通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语：2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make).例如：A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject．B、I think it no use arguing with him.3、It用于强调句式.要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、 状语),可以把it当作先行词.这种句子的结构是：It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分.例如：A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(强调主语)B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(强调状语)C、It was in 1990 th